Cross-chain deals and adversarial commerce

Abstract Modern distributed data management systems face a new challenge: how can autonomous, mutually distrusting parties cooperate safely and effectively? Addressing this challenge brings up familiar questions from classical systems: to combine multiple steps into single atomic action, recover failures, synchronize concurrent access data. Nevertheless, each of these issues requires rethinking when participants are autonomous potentially adversarial. We propose the notion cross-chain deal , way structure complex computations that manage assets in an adversarial setting. Deals inspired by transactions, but necessarily different, important ways, accommodate decentralized untrusting nature exchange. describe novel safety liveness properties, along with two alternative protocols for implementing deals system independent blockchain ledgers. One protocol, based on synchronous communication, is fully decentralized, while other, semi-synchronous globally shared ledger. also prove some degree centralization required communication model.